プレイヤー キャラクターをリスポーンする

プロジェクトの設定

まず最初は、[Project Settings (プロジェクト設定)] からサードパーソン テンプレートを新規作成し、入力マッピングを設定します。この入力マッピングは、プレイヤー キャラクター用に作成するリスポーン機能を有効にします。

1. [Games (ゲーム)] > [Third Person (サードパーソン)] > [C++] の順に選択して、 RespawnPlayer という名前のプロジェクトを作成します。

2. [Edit] > [Project Settings] > [Engine] > [Input] に移動してから、 [Details] パネルの Bindings カテゴリで Action Mappings 変数の隣にある Add [+] マークをクリックし、 Restart という名前のアクション マッピングを作成します。

3. Restart のアクション マッピング キー値を R に設定します。

RespawnPlayerGameMode クラスを実装する

この例では、ゲームプレイ中に破壊された場合、 GameMode クラスがプレイヤー キャラクター クラスのリスポーンを行います。 デリゲート を使ってこの機能を実装する必要があります。

1. コンテンツ ブラウザから、 C++ Classes フォルダ に移動し、 RespawnPlayerGameMode をダブルクリックして「 RespawnPlayerGameMode.h 」を開きます。

2. 「 RespawnPlayerGameMode.h 」ファイルで、ライブラリ インクルード宣言で以下のコードを宣言します。

   DECLARE_DYNAMIC_MULTICAST_DELEGATE_OneParam(FOnPlayerDiedSignature, ACharacter*, Character);

   このアクションは、プレイヤー キャラクターが死んだときにバインドするゲームモード クラスの動的な マルチキャスト デリゲート FOnPlayerDiedSignature を作成します。

3. 次に、以下のクラスを宣言します。

   public:
       const FOnPlayerDiedSignature& GetOnPlayerDied() const { returnOnPlayerDied; }
   
       //Tries to Spawn the player's pawn.
       virtual void RestartPlayer(AController* NewPlayer) override;
   
   protected:
       virtual void BeginPlay() override;
   
       //Called when Player character has died.
       UFUNCTION()
       virtual void PlayerDied(ACharacter* Character);
   
       //Signature to bind delegate. 
       UPROPERTY()
       FOnPlayerDiedSignature OnPlayerDied;

   RestartPlayer は GameModeBase クラスにすでに存在しているメソッドです。 FindPlayerStart によって返される位置でプレイヤーのポーンをスポーンします。

4. RespawnPlayerGameMode.cpp ファイルに移動して以下のクラス メソッドを宣言します。

   void ARespawnPlayerGameMode::BeginPlay()
   {
       Super::BeginPlay();
   
       //Bind our Player died delegate to the Gamemode's PlayerDied function.
       if (!OnPlayerDied.IsBound())
       {
           OnPlayerDied.AddDynamic(this, &ARespawnPlayerGameMode::PlayerDied);
       }
   
   }
   
   void ARespawnPlayerGameMode::RestartPlayer(AController* NewPlayer)
   {
       Super::RestartPlayer(NewPlayer);
   }
   
   void ARespawnPlayerGameMode::PlayerDied(ACharacter* Character)
   {
       //Get a reference to our Character's Player Controller
       AController* CharacterController = Character->GetController();
       RestartPlayer(CharacterController);
   }

5. コードを コンパイル します。

完成コード

// Copyright Epic Games, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
#pragma once

#include "CoreMinimal.h"
#include "GameFramework/GameModeBase.h"
#include "RespawnPlayerGameMode.generated.h"

DECLARE_DYNAMIC_MULTICAST_DELEGATE_OneParam(FOnPlayerDiedSignature, ACharacter*, Character);

UCLASS(minimalapi)

class ARespawnPlayerGameMode : public AGameModeBase
{
    GENERATED_BODY()

public:

    ARespawnPlayerGameMode();

    const FOnPlayerDiedSignature& GetOnPlayerDied() const { return OnPlayerDied; }

//Tries to Spawn the player's pawn.
virtual void RestartPlayer(AController* NewPlayer) override;

protected:

    virtual void BeginPlay() override;

    //Called when Player character has died.
    UFUNCTION()
    virtual void PlayerDied(ACharacter* Character);

    //Signature to bind delegate. 
    UPROPERTY()
    FOnPlayerDiedSignature OnPlayerDied;
};

#include "RespawnPlayerGameMode.h"
#include "RespawnPlayerCharacter.h"
#include "UObject/ConstructorHelpers.h"

ARespawnPlayerGameMode::ARespawnPlayerGameMode()
{
    // set default pawn class to our Blueprinted character
    static ConstructorHelpers::FClassFinder<APawn> PlayerPawnBPClass(TEXT("/Game/ThirdPersonCPP/Blueprints/ThirdPersonCharacter"));
    if (PlayerPawnBPClass.Class != NULL)
    {
        DefaultPawnClass = PlayerPawnBPClass.Class;
    }
}

void ARespawnPlayerGameMode::BeginPlay()
{
    Super::BeginPlay();

    //Bind our Player died delegate to the Gamemode's PlayerDied function.
    if (!OnPlayerDied.IsBound())
    {
        OnPlayerDied.AddDynamic(this, &ARespawnPlayerGameMode::PlayerDied);
    }

}

void ARespawnPlayerGameMode::RestartPlayer(AController* NewPlayer)
{
    Super::RestartPlayer(NewPlayer);
}

void ARespawnPlayerGameMode::PlayerDied(ACharacter* Character)
{
    //Get a reference to our Character's Player Controller
    AController* CharacterController = Character->GetController();
    RestartPlayer(CharacterController);
}

RespawnPlayerCharacter を実装する

これで、RespawnPlayerCharacter を破棄するために使用されるロジックを実装し、RespawnPlayerGameMode クラスを使ってリスポーンを実装するタスクが実行されます。

1. コンテンツ ブラウザ から、 C++ Classes フォルダに移動し、 RespawnPlayerCharacter をダブルクリックして `RespawnPlayerCharacter.h`を開きます。

2. RespawnPlayerCharacter.h ファイルで以下のコードを宣言します。

   protected:
   
       //Called when our Actor is destroyed during Gameplay.
       virtual void Destroyed();
   
       //Call Gamemode class to Restart Player Character.
       void CallRestartPlayer();

   Character クラスが独自の destroy メソッドを含む Actor クラスを継承しているため、この宣言では Destroyed メソッドは virtual でマークされています。

3. RespawnPlayerCharacter.cpp ファイルで次のクラス ライブラリ インクルードを宣言します。

   #include "RespawnPlayerGameMode.h"

   後に Player Character クラスからクラス機能を呼び出すために、Gamemode ライブラリ宣言をインクルードします。

4. RespawnPlayerCharacter クラス メソッドを追加します。

   void ARespawnPlayerCharacter::Destroyed()
   {
       Super::Destroyed();
   
       // Example to bind to OnPlayerDied event in GameMode. 
       if (UWorld* World = GetWorld())
       {
           if (ARespawnPlayerGameMode* GameMode = Cast<ARespawnPlayerGameMode>(World->GetAuthGameMode()))
           {
               GameMode->GetOnPlayerDied().Broadcast(this);
           }
       }
   }
   
   void ARespawnPlayerCharacter::CallRestartPlayer()
   {
       //Get a reference to the Pawn Controller.
       AController* CortollerRef = GetController();
   
       //Destroy the Player.   
       Destroy()
   
       //Get the World and GameMode in the world to invoke its restart player function.
       if (UWorld* World = GetWorld())
       {
           if (ARespawnPlayerGameMode* GameMode = Cast<ARespawnPlayerGameMode>(World->GetAuthGameMode()))
           {
               GameMode->RestartPlayer(CortollerRef);
           }
       }
   }
   
   void ARespawnPlayerCharacter::SetupPlayerInputComponent(class UInputComponent* PlayerInputComponent)
   {
       //Sets up an input key action to call Restart Player.
       PlayerInputComponent->BindAction("Restart", IE_Pressed, this, &ARespawnPlayerCharacter::CallRestartPlayer);
   }

   R キーが押されると、プレイヤー キャラクターを破壊する CallRestart Player 関数がトリガーされます。 Destroy メソッドは通常、プレイヤーが Gameplay イベントで十分なヘルス値を失い、プレイヤーをデスポーンしたときに呼び出されます。

5. コードを コンパイル します。

完成コード

// Copyright Epic Games, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

#pragma once

#include "CoreMinimal.h"
#include "GameFramework/Character.h"
#include "RespawnPlayerCharacter.generated.h"

UCLASS(config=Game)
class ARespawnPlayerCharacter : public ACharacter
{
    GENERATED_BODY()

    /** Camera boom positioning the camera behind the character */
    UPROPERTY(VisibleAnywhere, BlueprintReadOnly, Category = Camera, meta = (AllowPrivateAccess = "true"))
    class USpringArmComponent* CameraBoom;

    /** Follow camera */
    UPROPERTY(VisibleAnywhere, BlueprintReadOnly, Category = Camera, meta = (AllowPrivateAccess = "true"))
    class UCameraComponent* FollowCamera;

public:

    ARespawnPlayerCharacter();

    /** Base turn rate, in deg/sec. Other scaling may affect final turn rate. */
    UPROPERTY(VisibleAnywhere, BlueprintReadOnly, Category=Camera)
    float BaseTurnRate;

    /** Base look up/down rate, in deg/sec. Other scaling may affect final rate. */
    UPROPERTY(VisibleAnywhere, BlueprintReadOnly, Category=Camera)
    float BaseLookUpRate;

protected:

    virtual void BeginPlay();
    virtual void Destroyed();
    void CallRestartPlayer();

    /** Resets HMD orientation in VR. */
    void OnResetVR();

    /** Called for forwards/backward input */
    void MoveForward(float Value);

    /** Called for side to side input */
    void MoveRight(float Value);

    /** 
     * Called via input to turn at a given rate. 
     * @param Rate  This is a normalized rate, i.e. 1.0 means 100% of desired turn rate
     */
    void TurnAtRate(float Rate);

    /**
     * Called via input to turn look up/down at a given rate. 
     * @param Rate  This is a normalized rate, i.e. 1.0 means 100% of desired turn rate
     */
    void LookUpAtRate(float Rate);

    /** Handler for when a touch input begins. */
    void TouchStarted(ETouchIndex::Type FingerIndex, FVector Location);

    /** Handler for when a touch input stops. */
    void TouchStopped(ETouchIndex::Type FingerIndex, FVector Location);

protected:

    // APawn interface
    virtual void SetupPlayerInputComponent(class UInputComponent* PlayerInputComponent) override;
    // End of APawn interface

public:
    /** Returns CameraBoom subobject **/
    FORCEINLINE class USpringArmComponent* GetCameraBoom() const { return CameraBoom; }

    /** Returns FollowCamera subobject **/
    FORCEINLINE class UCameraComponent* GetFollowCamera() const { return FollowCamera; }
};

// Copyright Epic Games, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

#include "RespawnPlayerTestCharacter.h"
#include "HeadMountedDisplayFunctionLibrary.h"
#include "Camera/CameraComponent.h"
#include "Components/CapsuleComponent.h"
#include "Components/InputComponent.h"
#include "GameFramework/CharacterMovementComponent.h"
#include "GameFramework/Controller.h"
#include "GameFramework/SpringArmComponent.h"
#include "RespawnPlayerTestGameMode.h"

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// ARespawnPlayerCharacter

ARespawnPlayerCharacter::ARespawnPlayerCharacter()
{
    // Set size for collision capsule
    GetCapsuleComponent()->InitCapsuleSize(42.f, 96.0f);

    // set our turn rates for input
    BaseTurnRate = 45.f;
    BaseLookUpRate = 45.f;

    // Don't rotate when the controller rotates. Let that just affect the camera.
    bUseControllerRotationPitch = false;
    bUseControllerRotationYaw = false;
    bUseControllerRotationRoll = false;

    // Configure character movement
    GetCharacterMovement()->bOrientRotationToMovement = true; // Character moves in the direction of input...   
    GetCharacterMovement()->RotationRate = FRotator(0.0f, 540.0f, 0.0f); // ...at this rotation rate
    GetCharacterMovement()->JumpZVelocity = 600.f;
    GetCharacterMovement()->AirControl = 0.2f;

    // Create a camera boom (pulls in towards the player if there is a collision)
    CameraBoom = CreateDefaultSubobject<USpringArmComponent>(TEXT("CameraBoom"));
    CameraBoom->SetupAttachment(RootComponent);
    CameraBoom->TargetArmLength = 300.0f; // The camera follows at this distance behind the character   
    CameraBoom->bUsePawnControlRotation = true; // Rotate the arm based on the controller

    // Create a follow camera
    FollowCamera = CreateDefaultSubobject<UCameraComponent>(TEXT("FollowCamera"));
    FollowCamera->SetupAttachment(CameraBoom, USpringArmComponent::SocketName); // Attach the camera to the end of the boom and let the boom adjust to match the controller orientation
    FollowCamera->bUsePawnControlRotation = false; // Camera does not rotate relative to arm

    // Note: The skeletal mesh and anim blueprint references on the Mesh component (inherited from Character) 
    // are set in the derived blueprint asset named MyCharacter (to avoid direct content references in C++)
    static ConstructorHelpers::FObjectFinder<USkeletalMesh>SkeletalMeshAsset(TEXT("SkeletalMesh'/Game/Mannequin/Character/Mesh/SK_Mannequin.SK_Mannequin'"));
    GetMesh()->SetSkeletalMesh(SkeletalMeshAsset.Object);
    GetMesh()->SetRelativeLocation(FVector(0.0f, 0.0f, -97.0f));
    GetMesh()->SetRelativeRotation(FQuat(FRotator(0.0f, 270.0f, 0.0f)));
    static ConstructorHelpers::FObjectFinder<UAnimBlueprintGeneratedClass>AnimInstanceAsset(TEXT("AnimBlueprint'/Game/Mannequin/Animations/ThirdPerson_AnimBP.ThirdPerson_AnimBP_C'"));
    GetMesh()->SetAnimInstanceClass(AnimInstanceAsset.Object);
}

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Input

void ARespawnPlayerCharacter::SetupPlayerInputComponent(class UInputComponent* PlayerInputComponent)
{
    // Set up gameplay key bindings
    check(PlayerInputComponent);
    PlayerInputComponent->BindAction("Jump", IE_Pressed, this, &ACharacter::Jump);
    PlayerInputComponent->BindAction("Jump", IE_Released, this, &ACharacter::StopJumping);
    PlayerInputComponent->BindAxis("MoveForward", this, &ARespawnPlayerCharacter::MoveForward);
    PlayerInputComponent->BindAxis("MoveRight", this, &ARespawnPlayerCharacter::MoveRight);

    // We have 2 versions of the rotation bindings to handle different kinds of devices differently
    // "turn" handles devices that provide an absolute delta, such as a mouse.
    // "turnrate" is for devices that we choose to treat as a rate of change, such as an analog joystick
    PlayerInputComponent->BindAxis("Turn", this, &APawn::AddControllerYawInput);
    PlayerInputComponent->BindAxis("TurnRate", this, &ARespawnPlayerCharacter::TurnAtRate);
    PlayerInputComponent->BindAxis("LookUp", this, &APawn::AddControllerPitchInput);
    PlayerInputComponent->BindAxis("LookUpRate", this, &ARespawnPlayerCharacter::LookUpAtRate);

    // handle touch devices
    PlayerInputComponent->BindTouch(IE_Pressed, this, &ARespawnPlayerCharacter::TouchStarted);
    PlayerInputComponent->BindTouch(IE_Released, this, &ARespawnPlayerCharacter::TouchStopped);

    // VR headset functionality
    PlayerInputComponent->BindAction("ResetVR", IE_Pressed, this, &ARespawnPlayerCharacter::OnResetVR);
    PlayerInputComponent->BindAction("Restart", IE_Pressed, this, &ARespawnPlayerCharacter::CallRestartPlayer);
}

void ARespawnPlayerCharacter::BeginPlay()
{
    Super::BeginPlay();
}

void ARespawnPlayerCharacter::Destroyed()
{
    Super::Destroyed();

    // Example to bind to OnPlayerDied event in GameMode. This is _not_ a good idea if this game is multiplayer.
    if (UWorld* World = GetWorld())
    {
        if (ARespawnPlayerGameMode* GameMode = Cast<ARespawnPlayerGameMode>(World->GetAuthGameMode()))
        {
            GameMode->GetOnPlayerDied().Broadcast(this);
        }
    }
}

void ARespawnPlayerCharacter::CallRestartPlayer()
{
    AController* CortollerRef = GetController();
    Destroy();

    if (UWorld* World = GetWorld())
    {
        if (ARespawnPlayerGameMode* GameMode = Cast<ARespawnPlayerGameMode>(World->GetAuthGameMode()))
        {
            GameMode->RestartPlayer(CortollerRef);
        }
    }
}

void ARespawnPlayerCharacter::OnResetVR()
{
    // If RespawnPlayer is added to a project via 'Add Feature' in the Unreal Editor the dependency on HeadMountedDisplay in RespawnPlayer.Build.cs is not automatically propagated
    // and a linker error will result.
    // You will need to either:
    //      Add "HeadMountedDisplay" to [YourProject].Build.cs PublicDependencyModuleNames in order to build successfully (appropriate if supporting VR).
    // or:
    //      Comment or delete the call to ResetOrientationAndPosition below (appropriate if not supporting VR)
    UHeadMountedDisplayFunctionLibrary::ResetOrientationAndPosition();
    CallDestroyPlayer();
}

void ARespawnPlayerCharacter::TouchStarted(ETouchIndex::Type FingerIndex, FVector Location)
{
        Jump();
}

void ARespawnPlayerCharacter::TouchStopped(ETouchIndex::Type FingerIndex, FVector Location)
{
        StopJumping();
}

void ARespawnPlayerCharacter::TurnAtRate(float Rate)
{
    // calculate delta for this frame from the rate information
    AddControllerYawInput(Rate * BaseTurnRate * GetWorld()->GetDeltaSeconds());
}

void ARespawnPlayerCharacter::LookUpAtRate(float Rate)
{
    // calculate delta for this frame from the rate information
    AddControllerPitchInput(Rate * BaseLookUpRate * GetWorld()->GetDeltaSeconds());
}

void ARespawnPlayerCharacter::MoveForward(float Value)
{
    if ((Controller != nullptr) && (Value != 0.0f))
    {
        // find out which way is forward
        const FRotator Rotation = Controller->GetControlRotation();
        const FRotator YawRotation(0, Rotation.Yaw, 0);

        // get forward vector
        const FVector Direction = FRotationMatrix(YawRotation).GetUnitAxis(EAxis::X);
        AddMovementInput(Direction, Value);
    }
}

void ARespawnPlayerCharacter::MoveRight(float Value)
{
    if ( (Controller != nullptr) && (Value != 0.0f) )
    {
        // find out which way is right
        const FRotator Rotation = Controller->GetControlRotation();
        const FRotator YawRotation(0, Rotation.Yaw, 0);

        // get right vector 
        const FVector Direction = FRotationMatrix(YawRotation).GetUnitAxis(EAxis::Y);
        // add movement in that direction
        AddMovementInput(Direction, Value);
    }
}

最終結果

エディタに戻って Play in Editor ( PIE ) をクリックします。

W、A、S、D のそれぞれのキーを使って、マップ内でのキャラクターの移動を制御できます。

R キーを押すと、 Player Start Location でリスポーンされる前に、プレイヤー キャラクターは瞬間的に消えます。